Intersex Medicalization: Meaning, Ethics, and Bodily Autonomy
Intersex medicalization is the framing and treatment of variations in sex characteristics mainly as medical problems requiring correction or normalization.
Intersex Bodily Autonomy: Meaning, Consent, and Rights
Intersex bodily autonomy is the right to make informed decisions about one’s body, healthcare, sex characteristics, privacy, fertility, and irreversible treatment.
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: Meaning, Types, and Effects
Androgen insensitivity syndrome is a variation in which an XY body responds partly or not at all to testosterone and other androgens.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Meaning, Types, and Effects
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is an inherited group of conditions affecting adrenal hormone production, salt balance, growth, puberty, and sex development.
Klinefelter Syndrome: Meaning, Symptoms, and XXY Pattern
Klinefelter syndrome is a sex chromosome variation, usually involving an XXY pattern, that may affect testosterone, puberty, fertility, and development.
Turner Syndrome: Meaning, Symptoms, and Chromosome Pattern
Turner syndrome is a sex chromosome variation involving a missing, incomplete, or altered second sex chromosome in some or all cells.
Ovotesticular DSD: Meaning, Anatomy, and Development
Ovotesticular DSD is an intersex variation in which a person has both ovarian and testicular tissue, either separately or within an ovotestis.
Sex Chromosome Variation: Meaning, Types, and Examples
A sex chromosome variation is a natural difference in the number, structure, or arrangement of X or Y chromosomes, such as X, XXX, XXY, or XYY.
Variation in Sex Characteristics: Meaning and Examples
A variation in sex characteristics is a natural difference involving chromosomes, hormones, gonads, genitals, reproductive organs, or puberty-related traits.
Facial Masculinization Surgery: Meaning and Procedures
Facial masculinization surgery includes individualized procedures that reshape selected facial or neck features to appear or feel more masculine.