Maternal Mortality: Causes, Risks, Prevention, and Maternal Care
Maternal mortality refers to pregnancy-related deaths during pregnancy, childbirth, or the postpartum period and is a major indicator of healthcare quality and access.
Obstetric Violence: Meaning, Consent, Abuse, and Patient Rights
Obstetric violence refers to coercive, abusive, discriminatory, or non-consensual treatment during pregnancy, childbirth, or related reproductive healthcare.
Donor Embryo: Transfer, Genetics, Consent, and Parenthood
A donor embryo is an IVF-created embryo provided for another person’s reproductive use and may allow pregnancy without a genetic link to the intended parent.
Gestational Carrier: IVF, Pregnancy, Rights, and Parenthood
A gestational carrier carries an IVF-created embryo using another person’s egg and is usually not genetically related to the child.
Traditional Surrogacy: Process, Genetics, Law, and Parenthood
Traditional surrogacy uses the surrogate’s own egg, making the person carrying the pregnancy genetically related to the child as well as gestationally connected.
Preimplantation Genetic Testing: Types, Process, and Limits
Preimplantation genetic testing examines cells from IVF embryos for selected chromosome or genetic conditions before embryo transfer.
Donor Sperm: Use, Screening, Identity, and Family Building
Donor sperm is sperm provided for another person’s reproductive use and may be used in IUI, IVF, donor conception, and diverse family-building arrangements.
Donor Egg: IVF Process, Screening, Risks, and Parenthood
A donor egg is provided by one person for another person’s fertility treatment and may be fertilized through IVF before embryo transfer.
Intersex Flag: Colors, Meaning, Symbolism, and Use
The intersex flag has a yellow background and purple circle representing intersex visibility, bodily integrity, autonomy, wholeness, and community.
Intersex-Inclusive Care: Meaning, Principles, and Practice
Intersex-inclusive care provides respectful, individualized healthcare that protects privacy, informed consent, bodily autonomy, and genuine medical needs.