Prolactin: Function, High Levels, Symptoms, and Testing
Prolactin is a pituitary hormone that supports milk production and influences ovulation, menstruation, sex hormones, fertility, and sexual function.
Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: Causes, Symptoms, and Recovery
Hypothalamic amenorrhea occurs when reduced brain hormone signaling stops ovulation and menstruation, often because of low energy availability, exercise, or stress.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a hormonal and metabolic condition that may affect ovulation, periods, androgen activity, fertility, skin, and long-term health.
Endometriosis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, sometimes causing pelvic pain, painful sex, and fertility problems.
Follicular Phase: Meaning, Hormones, Length, and Fertility
The follicular phase begins on the first day of menstruation and ends with ovulation as follicles develop and estrogen rebuilds the uterine lining.
Adenomyosis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Adenomyosis occurs when endometrial-like tissue grows within the uterine muscle, sometimes causing heavy periods, severe cramps, pelvic pain, or painful sex.
Luteal Phase: Meaning, Hormones, Length, and Fertility
The luteal phase begins after ovulation, when progesterone prepares the uterine lining for implantation, and ends when menstruation starts.
Ovarian Reserve: Meaning, Tests, and Fertility Limits
Ovarian reserve describes the remaining quantity of eggs in the ovaries and helps predict response to fertility treatment, not natural pregnancy with certainty.
Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH): Function and Fertility Testing
Anti-Müllerian hormone supports fetal reproductive development and is used as one marker of ovarian reserve and expected response to fertility treatment.
Reproductive Endocrinology: Hormones, Fertility, and Care
Reproductive endocrinology studies and treats hormones involved in puberty, menstruation, ovulation, sperm production, fertility, and reproductive aging.