Menarche: First Period, Puberty, Fertility, and Menstrual Health
Menarche is the first menstrual period and an important stage of puberty, marking the beginning of menstruation and potential fertility.
Fertility Preservation: Methods, Uses, and Future Options
Fertility preservation protects sperm, eggs, embryos, or reproductive tissue for possible future use after medical treatment or for personal reproductive planning.
Luteinizing Hormone: Function, LH Surge, and Testing
Luteinizing hormone is a pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation, supports progesterone production, and stimulates testosterone production in the testes.
Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH): Function and Fertility Testing
Anti-Müllerian hormone supports fetal reproductive development and is used as one marker of ovarian reserve and expected response to fertility treatment.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Function and Testing
Follicle-stimulating hormone is a pituitary hormone that supports ovarian follicle development, sperm production, puberty, menstrual cycles, and fertility.
Clitoral Crura: Anatomy, Location, and Sexual Function
The clitoral crura are paired internal branches of erectile tissue that extend from the clitoral body and become engorged during sexual arousal.
Intersex-Inclusive Care: Meaning, Principles, and Practice
Intersex-inclusive care provides respectful, individualized healthcare that protects privacy, informed consent, bodily autonomy, and genuine medical needs.
Sex Characteristic Diversity: Meaning and Human Variation
Sex characteristic diversity describes natural differences in chromosomes, hormones, gonads, anatomy, puberty, and reproductive development.
Nonconsensual Intersex Surgery: Meaning, Ethics, and Harm
Nonconsensual intersex surgery is irreversible treatment performed without the intersex person’s informed agreement, often to normalize sex characteristics.
Intersex Awareness: Meaning, Importance, and Respect
Intersex awareness means understanding variations in sex characteristics while supporting accurate education, privacy, bodily autonomy, and respectful healthcare.